再生水湿地香蒲根内生细菌群落多样性及其水质特征分析

以北京白河人工湿地再生水补水河段香蒲根为研究对象,采用16S rDNA克隆文库技术对香蒲根内生细菌群落多样性进行分析,得出该克隆文库包括4大类群细菌,最优势类群为变形杆菌门Proteobacteria,其中包括Gammaproteobacteria、Betaproteobacteria、Epsilonproteobacteria、Alphaproteobacteria;其次为厚壁菌门Firmicutes、疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes;另外还包括部分非培养未确定种属的细菌.结合研究区再生水排放口与湿地下游水质数据,得出TN、TP、NO₃^-去除率达到了42.15%、47.34%、28.56%,表明湿地对再生水中的TN、TP、NO₃^-具有明显去除机制,说明香蒲根内生细菌克隆文库中菌株与湿地氮、磷等生物地球循环关系密切.     

电流对MEC-3DBER-S脱氮除磷效果的影响及机理分析

针对低C/N污水处理厂二级处理出水中氮、磷去除问题,基于三维电极生物膜工艺（3DBER）反硝化脱氮碳源消耗量少的特点,构建了微电凝聚-三维电极生物膜耦合硫自养强化脱氮除磷工艺（MEC-3DBER-S）.对比研究了3DBER与MEC-3DBER-S在不同电流强度条件下的运行特性,并结合基于nirS基因的克隆文库技术分析了MEC-3DBER-S中反硝化微生物的构成.运行结果表明,MEC-3DBER-S有效强化了氮、磷的去除效果,特别是提高了低电流条件下的脱氮效率;同时电流作用能够促进海绵铁腐蚀,提高除磷效果.当C/N=1.5、HRT=8h、I=300mA条件下,其TN和TP去除率分别达到75%和78%,分别比3DBER高10%和28%左右.基于nirS基因的克隆文库结果表明,MEC-3DBER-S中同时存在与具有异养、氢自养、硫自养和铁自养反硝化功能的菌属相似的细菌.该体系中有机碳源、H2、单质硫和Fe²⁺等电子供体可相互补充,强化了脱氮;同时,体系中还存在物化联合生物除磷的作用,强化了除磷.因而,MEC-3DBER-S复合反硝化体系保证了较高的脱氮除磷效果.     

酸铝胁迫下常绿杨根冠超微结构变化

中国的亚热带地区气候温暖湿润、雨量充沛,是中国速生丰产林基地,森林土壤多呈偏酸性和酸性,为富铝化酸性土壤,容易造成植物铝毒害。A-61/186（Populus×enramericana cv.）是澳大利亚 L．D．Pryor 博士选育的半常绿杨树无性系（semi-evergreen poplar clone）,母本为美国南方种的落叶型美洲黑杨（Populus deltoids Marsh）,父本为原产智利的常绿品种欧洲杨智利变种（Populus nigra cv.Chile）,是中国林科院郑世锴研究员于1987年从巴基斯坦引入中国的3个常绿杨品系之一,适合热带亚热带种植。以常绿杨A-61/186（Populus×euramericana cv.）根冠细胞为材料,采用水培酸铝胁迫实验,在胁迫30 d、60 d和90 d时在透射电子显微镜下进行根冠细胞超微结构的观察及拍片,研究在酸铝胁迫下浓度和作用时间对其超微结构的影响,探究铝毒条件下杨树根冠细胞的超微结构变化,并为根冠细胞铝毒亚显微水平评价提供资料。结果表明,随着铝浓度的升高,根冠细胞壁溶解断裂;细胞基质由凝胶态向分散碎块转变;淀粉粒数量有减少的趋向,淀粉质体数量有增加的趋向,而淀粉粒堆重心偏向由明显到不明显的趋向。随着铝作用时间的延长,根冠细胞在60 d浓度0.370 mmol·L^-1淀粉粒急剧减少;在90 d浓度0.666 mmol·L^-1淀粉粒质体急剧减少;淀粉粒堆或淀粉质体堆无重心偏向。     

厌氧氨氧化耦合脱氮系统中反硝化细菌研究

采用聚合酶链式反应、分子克隆等分子生物学方法,通过构建nirS克隆文库研究了厌氧氨氧化耦合异养反硝化脱氮系统中的反硝化微生物.进行同源性分析和系统发育树构建,结果表明,从nirS克隆文库中随机挑选的100个克隆子中有51个阳性克隆子,共分为12个操作单元.经比对发现这些微生物主要为变形菌门细菌和未知菌类,其中β-proteobacteria占据绝对优势且有较多种类,少部分属于 γ-proteobacteria.     

Soil bacterial community characteristics of rice-rice-rape crop rotation北大核心CSCD

To investigate the characteristic changes in soil bacterial community under rice-rice-rape rotation in southern China, soil samples from a 30-year crop rotation and continuous cropping system were collected. Clone library and gene sequence analysis were adopted. The PCR amplification was carried out using universal primers of the 16S rDNA gene. The amplified fragments were then used to construct a clone library. The subclones were sequenced and analyzed. The experimental analysis showed that, in July 2015, and October and April 2016, the Shannon Wiener index and richness index of bacteria from the rotation treatment soils were higher than those of the continuous cropping treatment soil. The soil bacterial diversity of the rotation treatment was higher than that of the continuous cropping treatment. The results of BLAST analysis in the GenBank showed that Proteobacteria accounted 55% of total bacteria in the rotation treatment soil, whereas it accounted for 45% of total bacteria in continuous cropping treatment soil. Gemmatimonadetes accounted for 13% of the total bacteria in rotation treatment and 10% in the continuous cropping treatment. The proportion of Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes in rotation soil was less than those in the continuous cropping soil. Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant flora in soil. The changes in the predominant bacteria affected the diversity of soil bacteria in rotation and continuous cropping. The sequence analysis showed that the dominant bacteria in the soil were Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, which higher than those in the rice-rice continuous cropping treatment. The sequences similar to Chloroflexi were observed in the rice-rice-rape rotation soils, but not in the continuous cropping soils. The results showed that the soil microbial population is conducted by agricultural tillage, and rice-rice-rape rotation increased the soil bacterial abundance compared with that of the rice-rice continuous treatment. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

共面多氯联苯抗体的制备及其用表面等离子共振方法检测的应用研究

根据文献方法获得抗共面多氯联苯(Co-PCBs)的重组抗体的轻链、重链基因序列,并用柔性连接肽(Gly4Ser)3进行连接.然后将获得的重组抗体基因序列通过克隆、表达、纯化、复性等手段得到纯度大于95%的Co-PCBs抗体.最后将Co-PCBs抗体组装到金膜表面,制备成检测用的蛋白芯片,并应用表面等离子共振技术(SPR)对共面多氯联苯中的PCB126进行了检测.结果显示,得到的Co-PCBs抗体特异性强,而且SPR检测方法测定PCB126的检测限为5×10-4pg·L-1,达到环境中Co-PCBs的超痕量检测水平要求.整个检测过程方便快捷、样品用量少、灵敏度高,可为环境中多氯联苯的实时检测研究提供指导.     

16S rDNA 克隆文库法分析Biostyr 曝气生物滤池处理城市污水的细菌多样性研究

采用分子生物学手段16SrDNA克隆文库方法,对第三代生物膜法代表工艺Biostyr曝气生物滤池（BAF）中滤料表面细菌进行了多样性研究.从16SrDNA克隆文库中随机挑选了50个克隆子进行序列测定（约1.5kb）,对测序结果进行了BLAST对比.结果表明,BiostyrBAF系统中的细菌群落具有高度多样性,有41个克...     

Analysis of bacterial community in bulking sludge using culture-dependent and -independent approaches

Combination of 16S rRNA gene clone library and cultivation for assessing of bacterial diversity of the microflora in bulking sludge was evaluated in the study.     

Simultaneous biodegradation of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds in a sequencing batch bioreactor

Many nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds (NACs), such as nitrobenzene (NB), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), aniline (AN), and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), are environmentally hazardous, and their removal from contaminated water is one of the main challenges facing wastewater treatment plants. In this study, synthetic wastewater containing NB, 4-NP, 2,4-DNP, and AN at concentrations ranging from 50 to 180 mg/L was fed into a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Analyses of the SBR system indicated that it simultaneously removed more than 99% of the NACs at loading rates of 0.36 kg NB/(m3·d), 0.3 kg 4-NP/(m3·d), 0.25 kg AN/(m3·d), and 0.1 kg 2,4-DNP/(m3·d). Bacterial groups of Bacteriodetes, Candidate division TM7, α-Proteobacteria, and β-Proteobacteria were dominant in the clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes retrieved from the microbial communities in the SBR system. "Cycle tests" designed to alter feeding and aeration parameters of the SBR system demonstrated that the resident microbial biome of the SBR system responded rapidly to changing conditions. Consumption of O2 was concomitant with the apparent mineralization of NACs. Aromatic ring-cleaving dioxygenase activities suggested that (1) AN and NB were degraded via catechol 2,3-dioxygenase; (2) 4-NP was degraded via 1,2,4-benzentriol 1,2-dioxygenase; and (3) 2,4-DNP was degraded via an unresolved pathway.     

新型生态浮岛在改善水质中的作用及生物膜载体微生物特征研究

设计了一种新型生态浮岛(IEFI),并对浮岛生物膜载体上的微生物进行了研究.结果表明,生物膜载体上的微生物对改善水质起到重要的作用,新型生态浮岛对COD、TN、TP的去除效果明显高于普通浮岛(CFI)(P<0.05).COD、TN、TP的最高去除率分别出现在9月、5月和11月.构建了生物膜载体上微生物的克隆文库,结果表...